Can You Live Without A Prostate

Can You Live Without A Prostate

Can you live without a prostate or can a man live without a prostate? The prostate is about the size of a small walnut, it is situated between the pelvic floor and bladder in males and it is a gland that secretes fluid that helps with the male reproductive process which is needed for sexual function. It is not considered a vital organ, though there are plenty of opinions to the contrary. Prostate removal is usually done to prevent the spread of prostatic cancer. Read more on --> Where Does Prostate Cancer Spread To. While it is possible to live without your prostate, there are inconvenient many side effects associated with the procedure.

 

Should I have Prostate Surgery to Remove Prostate?

Various conditions can affect the prostate gland, including prostatitis and prostate cancer. Prostate can be removed when prostate cancer is detected. Removal is only used at stage 1 prostate cancer. The removal is to prevent the cancer from spreading to other parts of your body. In most cases, this will cure the cancer and you can live without a prostate.

How Long Can You Live Without A Prostate?

The prostate does not perform any functions that are vital to life, hence prostate removal does not affect your longevity. However, there are prostate cancer side effects after surgery.

 

Life Without Prostate Gland, The Prostate Removal Consequences

You can produce semen without a prostate gland, but its contents will be slightly different. Semen contains fluids from the testicles, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulboure. As the prostate carries fluids that the sperm live off of so even you can produce semen, the sperm may not live long. You would need to have in vitro or artificial insemination done to produce a child from your own sperm.

Incontinence and impotence are consequences after prostate removal. People will have trouble controlling their bladder in the first few days, some experience incontinence as a long-term side effect. Doctor may suggest pelvic exercises or surgery to correct the problem. Impotence may also occur from nerve damage during the surgery but you can treat this side effect with drugs or penile implants.   

Prostate Cancer Treatment Guidelines

This prostate cancer treatment guidelines aims to make sure that men are given info concerning the treatment choices offered, even though they're not offered domestically, in addition as facilitate selecting the most effective choice to suit them.

The updated guideline includes variety of recent recommendations on the swift designation and treatment of various stages of the prostate cancer and a replacement protocol for men, that involves regular check-ups to envision the way the cancer is developing, instead of radical treatment. The aim of this guidelines are to make sure that wonderful treatment is provided for men.

Prostate cancer is that the commonest cancer in men. In 2010, many men were diagnosed with the prostate cancer. Three-quarters of glandular cancer cases area unit diagnosed in men over the age of sixty five.

The prostate cancer treatment guideline includes:

- Doctors ought to discuss all relevant treatment and diagnostic choices with men with glandular cancer and their partners or carers, regardless of whether or not they are obtainable through native services.

- Doctors ought to think about a specialised style of imaging scan referred to as multiparametric prostate imaging. This enables higher assessment of the ductless gland than commonplace imaging or ultrasound scans. A multiparametric imaging improves the detection of clinically important tumours, reduces the detection of clinically insignificant tumours and might guide biopsies a lot accurately. The rules counsel use of this sort of scan for men have had negative biopsies to assist cut back gratuitous repeat procedures.

- Doctors ought to provide active investigation as associate choice to men with low-risk localised glandular cancer for whom radical ablation or radical actinotherapy is appropriate.

- Provide men with intermediate and unsound localised glandular cancer a mixture of radical radiation therapy and sex hormone deprivation therapy, instead of radical radiation therapy or sex hormone deprivation therapy alone. Steroid hormone deprivation medical care may be a hormone treatment that reduces levels of male hormones.

- Think about active investigation for men with intermediate-risk localised glandular cancer to immediate radical ablation or radical actinotherapy.

Read about Proton Beam Therapy Prostate Cancer

What Are The Symptoms of Prostate Cancer In Men

1. Blood in Your Pee or Stool

These is among the primary signs of cancer of the bladder, kidneys, or colon. it is a sensible plan to check your doctor for any hurt that’s not traditional, even though you do not produce other symptoms, Lepor says. though you are additional probably to own a tangle that is not cancer, like hemorrhoids or a urinary infection, it is vital to search out and treat the cause.

2. Issues After You Pee

Many men have some issues peeomg as they grow old, like:

a necessity to pee additional typically, particularly at the hours of darkness
Dribbling, leaking, or associate degree imperative ought to go
hassle setting out to pee, or a weak stream

An enlarged ductless gland sometimes causes these symptoms, however therefore will glandular carcinoma. See your doctor to visualize on the explanation for the matter. He’ll provide you with associate degree communicating to seem for associate degree enlarged prostate, and he could sit down with you a couple of biopsy (called a protein test) for glandular carcinoma.

3. Changes in Your Testicles

"If you notice a lump, heaviness, or the other modification in your ball, never delay having it checked out" says Victor Herbert Lepor, MD, urogenital medicine chairman at the big apple University Langone eye. Unlike glandular carcinoma, that grows slowly, prostate cancer can embark nightlong. Your doctor can rummage around for any issues with a physical communicating, blood tests, associate degreed an ultrasound of your pouch.

4. Weight Loss While Not Attempting

Pants fitting a touch looser? If you haven’t modified your diet or exercise habits, it may mean that stress or a thyroid downside is taking a toll. however losing ten pounds or additional while not attempting isn’t traditional. though most accidental weight loss isn't cancer, it’s one amongst the signs of cancer of the duct gland, stomach, or lungs. Your doctor will establish additional with blood tests and tools that build elaborate footage of the within of your body, sort of a CT or PET scan.

5. Changes in liquid body substance Nodes

Swollen liquid body substance nodes, little bean-shaped glands found in your neck, armpits, and alternative places, typically signal that something's happening in your body. Usually, they mean your system is fighting a pharyngitis or cold, however sure cancers can also build them amendment. Have your doctor check any swelling that does not get well in a pair of to four weeks, Meyers says.

6. Skin Changes

When you notice a amendment within the size, shape, or color of a mole or alternative spot on your skin, see your doctor as shortly as you'll. Spots that ar new or look completely different ar high signs of carcinoma. You’ll want Associate in Nursing communicating and maybe a diagnostic test, which implies doctors take away a tiny low piece of tissue for testing. With carcinoma, you do not need to attend, says Marleen Meyers, MD, Associate in Nursing specialist at NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center.

7. Heartburn

You can watch out of most cases of pyrosis with changes to your diet, drinking habits, and stress levels. If that doesn’t facilitate, raise your doctor to seem into your symptoms. pyrosis that does not depart or gets worse may mean abdomen or throat cancer.

8. Hassle Swallowing

Some individuals have hassle swallowing from time to time. however if your issues don’t depart and you’re conjointly losing weight or disgorgement, your doctor might want to examine you for throat or abdomen cancer. He’ll begin with a throat communicating and metallic element X-ray. throughout a metallic element take a look at, you drink a special liquid that produces your throat stand out on the X-ray.

9. Mouth Changes

If you smoke or chew tobacco, you have got the next risk of mouth cancer. Keep a watch out for white or red patches within your mouth or on your lips. consult with your doctor or tooth doctor concerning tests and coverings.

10. Belly Pain and Depression

It’s rare, however depression in conjunction with abdomen pain is a symptom of cancer of the exocrine gland. Do you have to worry? Not unless this cancer runs in your family, Meyers says. Then you wish to check your doctor.

11. Breast Changes

"Men tend to ignore breast lumps as a result of carcinoma is not on their measuring device," Meyers says. "But I Chronicles of all breast cancers occur in men, though they are sometimes diagnosed abundant later." Don’t take any possibilities. If you discover a lump, tell your doctor and have it checked.

12. Fever

A fever is typically not a foul factor -- it suggests that your body is fighting Associate in Nursing infection. however one that will not depart and doesn’t have an evidence might signal malignant neoplastic disease or another blood cancer. Your doctor ought to take your anamnesis and provides you a physical examination to envision on the cause.

13. Cough

In nonsmokers, a ill-natured cough is sort of cancer. Most depart when three to four weeks. If yours doesn’t, and you’re in need of breath or cough up blood, do not delay a visit to your doctor, particularly if you smoke. A cough is that the most typical sign of carcinoma. Your doctor will check secretion from your lungs to check if you've got Associate in Nursing infection. He may additionally offer you a chest X-ray to envision for an additional drawback.

14. Fatigue

Many types of cancer cause a bone-deep weariness that gets higher, irrespective of what quantity rest you get. It’s totally different from the exhaustion you're feeling when a busy week or a great deal of activity. If fatigue has effects on your everyday life, confer with your doctor. she will be able to assist you realize the cause and allow you to recognize if there ar ways that to treat it.

15. Pain

Cancer doesn’t cause most aches and pains, however if you’re symptom for quite a month, don’t simply grin and bear it. In progress pain is a sign of the many sorts of cancer, particularly those who have unfold, Lepor says.

Do Females Have Prostates

Do Females Have Prostates? In women or females, the prostate is known as the ‘Skene’s gland’ which is located a few centimeters inside the vagina. The girls prostates is better known as the G-spot. The female prostate will produce fluid that can be ‘ejaculated’ during arousal claim by researchers. The fluid produce by the prostate helps lubricate the urethral opening and may have antimicrobial properties that protect the urinary tract from infections.

The size of female prostates are extremely varying, some women have ones that are too small to spot, leading to much argue over the existence of the G-spot and the possibility of female ejaculation. The Skene’s glands are believed to have the similar structural components as the male prostate, though it is much smaller. Interestingly, they also produces prostate specific antigen, or PSA and raised PSA levels can be sign of cancer in both sexes, but this relationship has been studied much more in men than in women. PSA is a diagnostic marker for breast disease, among other conditions, just as it is for prostate cancer in men.)

Though cancer of the Skene’s glands or their ducts is really uncommon, cysts, inflammation and infections occasionally happen in them and may be misdiagnosed as other urinary or gynecological conditions. In female, the Skene’s glands or women prostates can get obstructed, infected, enlarged or present with cysts, but these conditions are very uncommon. The symptoms include excess discharge, painful urination and/or intercourse. Blockages and cysts can be removed by simple surgery and infections can be treated with antibiotics. You may want to note that birth control pills can cause the gland to overproduce its fluid, which would result in excess discharge.

If a girl has unexplained or unresolved symptoms (like frequent and painful urination, vaginal pain or lower urinary tract or sexual dysfunction), it’s reasonable for her to consult to her health care provider to ascertain if she is having female prostate problems, these glands may be a contributing factor. So do females have prostates? Well it is term differently.

Hormone Treatment For Prostate Cancer Side Effects

Chemically or surgically hormone treatment can be use to remove the supply or block the action of testosterone because prostate cancer cells depend on the male hormone testosterone for growth. It works by starving the prostate cancer of its fuel supply but leads to other side effects relating to testosterone deficiency.

The most common hormone treatment for prostate cancer side effects include:

1. Impotence or erection problems and lack of sexual desire
2. Mild weight gain around the abdomen
3. Hot flushes
4. Mood swings
5. Lethargy, lack of energy and reduced sex drive
6. Weight loss on the arms and legs
7. Swelling and discomfort around the breast area or breast tenderness
8. Changes in appetite
9. Depression and loss of bone strength (osteoporosis)
        
These side effects of hormone treatment for prostate cancer can vary in their intensity from mild to more significant. It is important to talk with your doctor for ways to minimise their impact on your day-to-day life.

Nevertheless, there are several reasons to use hormone treatment for prostate cancer. These include;
1. Men not suitable for, or would not benefit from radical treatment
2. When the prostate cancer has returned after radical treatment
3. Before treatment with radiotherapy

Hormone treatment can be used in men with various degrees of prostate cancer. Normally, it is primarily used if prostate cancer has overspread outside the prostate. It doesn't cure the cancer. The intent of hormone therapy is first to delay the advancement of the cancer and second to increase survival rates while maximizing quality of life. Factors to consider when deciding whether to go for hormone treatment for prostate cancer are quality of life, cost of the treatment, and how effective and safe hormone treatment may be in a particular case.

If a patient doesn't react to initial hormone treatment, a doctor may try other hormonal therapy prior to recommending chemotherapy.

Read about Proton Beam Therapy Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer In Men Under 30

Clearly, prostate cancer is not just an "old man's" disease. While it probably true that the older you are, the more potential you are to be diagnosed with prostate cancer (65% of cases are diagnosed in men who are 65 or older), the fact remains that 35% of those diagnosed, or over 76,000 each year, are diagnosed at an earlier age or even prostate cancer in men under 30.

There are many risk factors to consider. Your race, family history, physical health and lifestyle—even geographic location—are all factors that can increase your likeliness of developing prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is one of the most symptomless cancers in oncology, meaning not all men experience symptoms. A lot of times symptoms can be misidentified or imputed to something else. Signs of prostate cancer are frequently first noticed by a doctor during a routine check-up. Common symptoms consists of the need to urinate frequently, difficultness to start or stop urination, painful or burning urination, weak or interrupted flow of urination, trouble having an erection, blood in the urine or semen, painful ejaculation, or frequent pain and stiffness in the lower back, hips or upper thighs. If you undergo any of these symptoms, make sure you tell your doctor.

The cause of prostate cancer is unknown, but the cancer is thought unrelated to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The risk (predisposing) factors for prostate cancer include advancing age, genetics (heredity), hormonal influences, and such environmental factors as toxins, chemicals, and industrial products. The chances of developing prostate cancer increase with age. Thus, prostate cancer in men under age 30 is extremely rare, while it is more common in men older than 80 years of age. As a question of fact, some reports have indicated that among men over 80, between 50 to 80 percent of them may have prostate cancer!

There are no specific measures recognized to prevent the development of prostate cancer. Therefore, we can only hope to prevent progression of the prostates cancer by making early diagnoses and then attempting to cure the disease. Early diagnoses can be made by screening men for prostate cancer. Screening can be done by routine yearly digital rectal examinations.

Where Does Prostate Cancer Spread To?

Overview of prostate cancer

As men age, the prostate cancer growth, eighty years of age to check for prostate cancer generally occurs in patients with cancer lesions, but the actual clinical onset is much lower than this number, prostate cancer is one of the main men in Europe cancer deaths. There are significant regional and ethnic differences in the incidence of prostate cancer, according to statistics the Chinese people minimum, maximum Europeans, Africa and Israel, intermediate, and Japan and other countries of prostate cancer of low-prone areas, but there was no choice in men over the age of 50 autopsy prostate biopsy sections found that the potential number of cancer lesions similar to the U.S. and Europe, so some people think Asians than Westerners slow cancer growth, fewer clinical cases. Also the relationship between prostate cancer and the environment also.

Second, the proliferation of prostate cancer genetic markers

Scientists have confirmed that there are some genetic markers that can help us determine whether the proliferation of prostate cancer will occur, or will be confined to the prostate. Such studies will eventually be able to help doctors and patients decide which treatment best take. Compared with advanced prostate cancer, there are obvious limitations of genetic differences in prostate cancer within the prostate.

Many prostate cancer patients may have no symptoms for years, but the other part of the lesion in patients with advanced prostate cancer will progress rapidly. In the United States resulted in men with prostate cancer is the second cause of death, but the choice of the appropriate method of treatment is very difficult. Sometimes, prostate cancer can spread to other parts of the body, making treatment very difficult. But other lesions in patients with prostate cancer is confined to the prostate internally. Some of prostate cancer treatment is effective, but may cause long-term adverse effects, including impotence and incontinence. Plays a very important role in the process of tumor development and progression of these genes exist in chromosomal regions.

Third, the proliferation of drugs to prevent prostate cancer

Early detection of prostate cancer, such as testosterone rely on male hormones like growth phase of cancer in this way is the use of drugs that inhibit or block the effect of hormones on the cancer cells, but anti-hormone therapy to slow the spread of cancer, However, cancer cells will gradually become more rely on hormones, but to make the cancer cells more vitality.    

Anti-hormonal therapy for early detection of prostate cancer cells inhibited effective, but for advanced prostate cancer found invalid, even if the drug treatment of advanced cancer can usually pharmaceutical ingredients also has considerable toxicity, not necessarily effective, and therefore it is expected to slow down the process of cancer which no longer rely on growth hormone.
    
Component of anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells, but both have cardiovascular side effects, so the group decided to combination therapy as a research direction, under the same understanding of the effect of the two drugs to enhance the inhibition of cancer development, and two drugs in order to reduce the side effects of the reduction of the two drugs.
    
After two years of using a single drug, two different combinations of drugs and other medication animal experiments, experts pointed out that experiments confirmed that the two drugs to reduce weight, while medication, comparing a single high dose of medication, show significant results.

Fourth, the proliferation of food to prevent prostate cancer

1. Soybean
Soy contains an antioxidant called genistein almost completely curb the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in mice. Northwestern University researchers experiments in mice showed that mice taking genistein chance of prostate cancer metastasis to the lungs reduced by 96%. Genistein content used in the experiment it is equivalent to the amount of people from rich soy meal diet intake.

In stopping the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, genistein might be able to produce a certain effect. Although genistein does not make prostate tumors smaller, but it's almost completely prevented prostate cancer metastasis to the lungs.

2. Tea

Multifaceted protective effects of tea on human health has been brought well known. Black and green tea have the effect of slowing the proliferation of prostate cancer, and antioxidants of red wine and peanuts are rich inside but can not produce effective anti-cancer effect.

Tea polyphenols in prostate cancer cell growth inhibition. The effect of black tea better. In countries like tea drinking, the incidence of certain cancers is relatively low. Meanwhile, recent scientific studies show that not all polyphenols can produce anti-cancer effects. For example, resveratrol edge A is present in red wine and peanuts in polyphenols can not produce the same anti-cancer effect.

Hormone Injection For Prostate Cancer

Prostate cells require male hormones testosterone, called Androgens, to develop and function normally. The objective of Hormone Injection is to minimise the amount of male hormones in the body so that prostate cells are not caused to grow. So lowering the amount of testosterone in the body can reduce the chance of an early prostate cancer coming back after treatment. Or it can shrink an advanced prostate tumour down or slow its growth.

Hormone injection therapy depends on the grade and stage of your cancer. Doctor may suggest hormone treatment alone if your cancer has spread to another part of the body. Or they may suggest it if the cancer has grown too far around the prostate for successful treatment with surgery or radiotherapy. It may also be use before radiation to try to shrink the cancer to make treatment more effective.

Hormone injection medicines reduces the production of the male hormone, testosterone, from the testicles. These medicines are given by injection into a muscle every few months.

Possible side effects include:
1. Impotence
2. Hot flashes
3. Loss of sexual desire
4. Osteoporosis
5. Fatigue
6. Weight gain
7. Strength and muscle loss
8. Breast swelling and tenderness
9. Loss of body hair
10. Bone thinning
11. Memory and concentration problems
12. Changes to your mood.
13. Increased risk of heart disease and diabetes

The side effects are caused by lowered testosterone levels. They usually last for as long as you’re on hormone injection therapy. If you stop your hormone injection therapy, your testosterone levels will gradually rise and the side effects should improve. But this might take several months

Hormone injection may control the cancer for a few years then the cancer usually will stops responding to the hormone injection treatment and starts to grow again.

Prostate Cancer With Bone Metastasis Prognosis

A prostate cancer with bone metatsasis prognosis is a prediction of how the cancer will develop and of how potential the person is to recover from the condition when cancer cells spread to the bones. Areas of cancer spread in the bones are called bone metastases.

Many people with cancer will develop bone metastases at some point in their cancer stage. Bones are often a area of metastases for certain common tumors, such as breast and prostate cancers. Bone Metastasis can occur in any bone in the body, but are most often found in bones near the center of the body. The spine is the most common area of bone metastasis. Other common area are the hip bone (pelvis), upper leg bone (femur), upper arm bone (humerus), ribs, and the skull.

Once prostate cancer has spread to the bones or to other area in the body it is rarely able to be cured, but oftentimes it can still be treated to shrink, stop, or decelerate its growth. Even if a cure is no more possible, treating the cancer probably able to support you to live longer and feel better. Other therapy can help prevent or manage cancer symptoms.

Doctors cannot anticipate for sure who will develop bone metastasis. But they do know that certain kinds of cancer (breast, prostate, lung, thyroid, and kidney cancers) are more expected to spread to bones than others. Among people with the similar kind of cancer, tumors that are larger and have already spread to lymph nodes are generally more probable to spread to bone. For some forms of cancer, a high grade (where the cancer cells look very abnormal under a microscope) and certain genetical changes make the cancer more probable to spread to bones.

Finding and treating bone metastasis early can help prevent problems later on. Bone pain is often the first symptom of cancer that has spread to the bone. The pain often comes and goes at first. It tends to be worse at night and may be relieved by movement. Later on, it can become constant and may be worse during activity.

Fractures bones weakened from metastatic cancer may break (fracture). The fracture can happen with a fall or injury, but a weak bone can also break during everyday activities. These fractures often cause sudden, severe pain. The pain may keep you from moving much at all. In some cases, a fracture is the first sign of bone metastasis.

Cancer growth in the bones of the spine can press on the spinal cord. This is called spinal cord compression and is very serious. The spinal cord has nerves that allow you to move and feel what happens to your body. Some of these nerves also control other functions such as bowel and bladder control. One of the very earliest symptoms is pain in the back or neck. Pressure on the spinal cord can damage the nerves in the spinal cord, leading to symptoms like numbness and weakness in the area of the body below the tumor. If it isn’t treated, the person can become paralyzed.

High blood calcium levels, when cancer spreads to the bones, calcium from the bones can be released into the bloodstream. This can lead to high levels of calcium in the blood (called hypercalcemia), which can cause problems such as constipation, nausea, loss of appetite, and extreme thirst. The high calcium causes you to make more urine, leading to dehydration. It can also make you feel very tired and weak. You may be sleepy or even confused. If hypercalcemia is not treated, you can even go into a coma.

Bone metastases may sometimes be found before they have a chance to cause any symptoms. Your doctor may order lab tests and imaging tests (such as x-rays or bone scans) to see how far the cancer has spread. Imaging tests use x-rays, magnetic fields, or radioactive substances to create pictures of the inside of the body. Imaging tests may be done for a number of reasons, including to help find out if cancer has spread to the bones. Thus, giving a better prostate cancer with bone metatsasis prognosis by doctors.

Prognosis For Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Once a doctor has analysed results from prostate tests such as a biopsy, PSA test TNM staging results, prostate cancer stage score, and Gleason score, the doctor will make a prognosis for prostate cancer. A prognosis is a prediction of how the cancer will develop and of how potential the person is to recover from the condition. Metastatic prostate cancer occurs when a case of prostate cancer advances and develops the ability to invade other tissues. One of the difficulties of a prognosis for metastatic prostate cancer is that there are a lot of variables that can affect the rates of recurrence and survival time. As a result, many oncologists have worked to create better ways of estimating the prognosis for different patients based on characteristics of their cancer.

As different people will respond differently to treatments, the prediction of the prognosis for metastatic prostate cancer is not set in stone. Results of a prognosis of prostate cancer are typically given in five and ten year survival terms (adopting the recommended treatment) for a person. For example, someone with an advanced prostate cancer prognosis form will likely have a lower percentage 5 year survival rate than someone with an earlier diagnosed condition.

Another factor that plays a huge role in the prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer is the location of the metastases. Metastases that have appeared on sensitive and vital organs (such as the heart or brain) are much more serious than lymphatic metastases.

Understanding of the metastatic cancer here is the spread of cancer to other body parts. The cause of this is due to the growth and development of cancer cells that causes them to separate themselves from first masses and initially settled in other parts of the body to form a new mass through the lymphatic system and bloodstream.

The dangers of metastatic cancer while in the advanced stage due to late or not detected early can reduce healing rate that can affect survival of patients and it is difficult to get a complete cure despite using many methods of treatment.

Poor prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer is almost always obtained patients with late stage cancer. This is because the cancer itself is a late-stage metastatic prostate cancer which has a low survival prognosis. So do not be surprised if in another cancer stages have a better prognosis for the first 5 years than in late stages.

Prostate Cancer Side Effects After Surgery

Surgery is one options available for the treatment of prostate cancer. However, decision should be made only after discussing the risks and benefits of the procedure with your doctor as there are prostate cancer side effects after the surgery. Issues that need to be taken into account consists the nature of the cancer, age and general health.

The short term side effects with any type of radical prostatectomy are much like those with any major surgery, including side effects risks from anesthesia. Among the most serious, there is a small risk of heart attack, stroke, blood clots in the legs that may travel to your lungs, and infection at the incision site. If the lymph nodes are removed, a collection of lymph fluid (called a lymphocele) can be formed and may need to be drained.Because there are many blood vessels near the prostate gland, another risk is bleeding during and after the surgery. Blood transfusions may be required, which carry their own small risk.

There are also long term prostate cancer side effects after the surgery because the process of removing the prostate and ensuring all cancer cells are cleared can cause damages to the erectile nerves which rest adjacent to the prostate gland. Incontinence, loss of bladder control, can also be a long term side effects because when the prostate is removed, the internal sphincter (proximal) is also removed. This means the patient relies only upon the external (distal) sphincter to control the flow of urine after surgery. The other side effects can be impotance, which is the inability to achieve or sustain an erection, because the prostate lies next to the nerves and blood vessels that are important for erections, and these nerves and vessels can be damaged during the operation.

Incontinence side effects may inlcudes:
1. Stress incontinence - urine leak when cough, laugh, sneeze, or exercise, which is usually caused by problems with the muscular valve that keeps urine in the bladder (the bladder sphincter).

2. Overflow incontinence - bladdeer is not empty well. Requires a longer time to urinate and have a dribbling stream with little force. Overflow incontinence is usually caused by blockage or narrowing of the bladder outlet by scar tissue.

3. Urge incontinence - a sudden need to urinate. This problem occurs when the bladder becomes too sensitive to stretching as it fills with urine.

Each man's situation is different, so the best way to get an idea of prostate cancer side effects after surgery is to ask your doctor about his or her success rates and what the outcome is likely to be in your particular case.

Read related post: Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy Side Effects 

Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy Side Effects

Comparing to other several kinds of prostate cancer treatment, radiation therapy is considered to be an effective treatment. Despite the proven advantages and benefits, there are also known prostate cancer radiotherapy side effects due to the very high levels of radiations or x-rays used for killing the cancer cells, thus to burning them to their core which may lead to other medical complications..

Prostate cancer radiotherapy involves channelising radiation to the body parts affected by cancer with the aid of thin plastic tubes. Despite best efforts on the part of doctors, it is inevitable that just the cancer cells get eliminated, healthy cells will also get affected, hence, causing many unwanted side effects.

List of Prostate Cancer Radio therapy Side Effects:

1. Skin becoming swollen, red and sensitive, similar to a sunburned skin. Skin may peeling off or become tender and moist. Skin can gets darken and thicken and enlarged pores are some long-term side effects of radio therapy treatment. The skin can become more sensitive or its sensitivity can be reduced for a long time too.

2. Loss of hair and reduced perspiration on the affected area is also common.

3. Another usual prostate cancer radiation side effects is feeling loss of energy or fatigue. This side effect can be managed by taking adequate rest and regular naps. A sound diet is also beneficial in dealing with radiotherapy related fatigue and exhaustion. However, this symptom goes away after radiation therapy gets completed successfully.

4. Impotence is another chief side effect faced by patients after taking radiation therapy. Damage to the reproductive system leading to erectile dysfunction and urinary symptoms like bleeding, frequency and incontinence in some cases can result from radiation therapy.

5. Nausea and vomiting may also result from radiotherapy treatment.

6. Incontinence and diarrhea can result from the radiation beam passing through the bladder, rectum, intestines and through to the intestine. As the time of beaming of radiation towards prostate’s malignant, urinary bladder may also get exposed to radiation, and get damaged. This can lead to patient’s inability in controlling bowel functions of defecation or urination and the urge to excrete.

Learning about Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy Side Effects will help patients in detecting and treating them effectively, in most cases, by changing their daily schedule. You may also want to know about Prostate Cancer Side Effects After Surgery.
   

Prostate Cancer Stages 1-10 Defined

Stages of Prostate Cancer Defined

The stages of prostate cancer is defined as the approximation of the sizing and location of the cancer at the current time. More specifically, it denotations to how extended the cancer is inside the prostate and if it has outspread to tissues across the prostate or to other parts of the body. The stages of the cancer is the most crucial deciding factor in which treatment will be used.

In general, prostate cancer can be classify into 4 stages using the Whitmore-Jewett system or the TNM system and sub-divide into stages 1-10 using the Gleason grading system. The following will illustrate further using the Whitmore-Jewett system and Gleason system:

Stage	Tumor	Nodes	Metastasis	Grade
Stage 1	T1a	N0	M0	G1
Stage 2	T1a	N0	M0	G2–4
	T1b	N0	M0	Any G
	T1c	N0	M0	Any G
	T1	N0	M0	Any G
	T2	N0	M0	Any G
Stage 3	T3	N0	M0	Any G
Stage 4	T4	N0	M0	Any G
	Any T	N1	M0	Any G
	Any T	Any N	M1	Any G

Prostate Cancer Stage 1
Stage 1 prostate cancer is discovered in the prostate only. Prostate cancer stage 1 is microscopic, the cancer is very small and confined to the prostate. It can’t be felt on a digital rectal exam (DRE), and it isn’t seen on imaging of the prostate.

Prostate Cancer Stage 2
Stage 2 prostate cancer, the tumor has grown inside the prostate but hasn’t went beyond it. The cancer can be felt as a hard lump during a rectal examination, but it is still inside the prostate gland.

Prostate Cancer Stage 3
Stage 3 prostate cancer has started to break through the outer area of the prostate gland, but only scantily. Prostate cancer in stage 3 may affect nearby tissues, like the seminal vesicles.

Prostate Cancer Stage 4
In stage 4, the cancer has spread (metastasized) beyond the prostate to other tissues. Stage 4 prostate cancer usually spreads to lymph nodes, bladder or back passage (rectum) or to more distant organs such as the bones, liver, or lungs.

T1: The doctor cannot feel the tumor or see it with imaging such as transrectal ultrasound.

• T1a: Cancer is discovered by chance during a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) that was conducted for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Cancer is in no greater than 5% of the tissue abstracted.
• T1b: Cancer is found during a TURP but is in over 5% of the tissue abstracted.
• T1c: Cancer is discovered by needle biopsy that was conducted because of an increased PSA.

T2: Doctor can find the cancer with a digital rectal exam (DRE) or determine it with
imaging such as transrectal ultrasound, but it is still confined to the prostate gland.

T3: The cancer has started to grow and spread beyond the prostate and may have spread into the seminal vesicles.

T4: The cancer has grown into tissues outside the prostate (other than the seminal vesicles), such as the urethral sphincter (muscle that helps control urination), the rectum, the bladder, and/or the wall of the pelvis.

If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body this is known as metastatic, secondary, or advanced prostate cancer.

Accurately distinguishing the prostate cancer stage is extremely crucial. Prostate cancer stage helps ascertain the optimal treatment, as well as prognosis. For this reason, it’s worth going through extensive examination to get the correct prostate cancer stages 1-10.

What Cause Prostate Cancer?

What Is Prostate Cancer Caused By?

It seems that there are no specific what prostate cancer is caused by, since it eventually appears in nearly all men if they live long enough. Prostate Cancer seen more today because screening can detects more. Men often die without realising they have prostate cancer because they may die of some other cause, and it may be only be discovered when an autopsy is done.

There are several causes that could increase the risk of having prostate cancer. For examples: age (over 65), race (African Americans are found to have higher rates while Asian have lower), Family history, location of living, smoking, diet (increase calcium and lack of veggies) agent orange, and lack of exercise. Some are inherited, prostate cancer can be encountered in men even in their 30's and 40's. Men with a family history of prostate cancer are more probable causes to develop prostate cancer but most occur due to environmental influences such as diet, infection, and inflammation.

A low fat diet high in fruits & vegetables seems to be protective against aggressive prostate cancer. Doctors or experts are not certain what cause prostate cancer, but experts generally agree that diet contributes to the risk. Men who take large amounts of fat, particularly from red meat and other sources of animal fat are more potentially to develop advanced prostate cancer. The disease is much more common in countries where meat and dairy products are dietary staples.

The underlying causes linking to diet and prostate cancer is probably hormonal. Fats stimulate increased production of testosterone and other hormones, and testosterone acts to speed the growth of prostate cancer. High testosterone levels may cause inactive prostate cancer cells into activity. Some findings indicate that high testosterone levels also influence the initial onset of prostate cancer. Eating meat may be risky for other reasons, such as meat cooked at high temperatures brings forth cancer-causing substances that directly bear upon the prostate. Other risk factors like men frequently exposed to the metal cadmium seem to be abnormally vulnerable to prostate cancer.

The followings are affiliated with an increased risk and what prostate cancer is caused by: Height, high body mass index, low physical activity, smoking, low tomato sauce consumption, high calcium intake, high linoleic acid intake, African-American race, and a positive family history. On a more common level, prostate cancer is caused by changes in the DNA (the chemical that makes up our genes) of a prostate cell. In recent years, scientists have made great advancement in understanding how certain changes in DNA can cause normal prostate cells to develop abnormally and form cancers.Check out Symptom For Prostate Cancer.

Symptom For Prostate Cancer

What Are Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

It is vital to recognise the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer that point to an underlying prostate cancer. Anybody concerned about themselves or a loved one developing prostate cancer should know the fundamentals about the early symptoms of prostate cancer that are commonly come across.

Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing however, there are events of aggressive prostate cancers. The cancer cells may metastasize (spread) from the prostate to other regions of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes.

What Are The Symptoms of Prostate Cancer In Men?
Early stages of prostate cancer often have no signs and symptoms. Prostate cancer that is more advanced may have signs and symptoms like: dull pain in lower pelvic area, urgency of urination, trouble starting urination and/or hurt while urinating, weak urine flow and dribbling, frequent sensation that the bladder is full, excessive urination at night (Nocturia), blood in the urine, swelling in the legs, sore ejaculation, general pain in lower back, hips or upper thighs, Loss of appetite and weight, persistent bone pain.

Prostate cancer is not the only disease that can cause the prostate to swell. BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) is a much more common cause of an enlarged prostate and, thus, of urinary symptoms. BPH is not cancer, but is still an important condition that should be treated by a physician.

Many people are surprised to learn that the majority of men diagnosed with prostate cancer today have no signs and symptoms of prostate cancer when it is first detected. Because of the PSA (prostate specific antigen) test, most men have their prostate cancer detected before they have any significant signs and symptoms. The PSA test is a simple blood test that observes a particular protein produced by the prostate. As the prostate enlarges, a lot of this protein is created and to a greater extent is detected by the PSA test.